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M
- Mā:
- To measure. See Māyā.
- Mada:
- Intoxication, delight, thrill. Refers to the effect the afflictions (kleśas) have on us. See Kleśa.
- Mahābhūta:
- Gross element. There are seven gross elements, but only five are named. They are ether, fire, air, water, and earth (ākāśa, agni, vāyu, jala, and pṛthvī). They’re the gross objects of the senses (viṣayas of indriyas), as opposed to the subtle objects (tanmātras). See Tattva.
- Mahāsāgara:
- The great ocean, as opposed to the stream (srotas). See Nirguṇa Brahman.
- Mahat:
- See Vijñāna.
- Mahāvākya:
- One of four “great sayings” from the Upaniṣads. They are “Thou art that”, “I am the source”, “The source is wisdom”, and “This self is the source” (tat tvam asi, aham brahmāsmi, prajñānam brahma, and ayam ātma brahma).
- Mahāvrata:
- Great vow. See Yama and Niyama.
- Manas:
- 1) Mind.
- 2) See Manomayakośa.
- Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad:
- The smallest and arguably the most important Upaniṣad. It discusses the waking, dream, and deep sleep states (jāgrat, svapna, and suṣupti avasthās) as aspects of “om” (oṃkāra). The silence that follows is the fourth state (caturtha avasthā), which is equated to the self (ātman). See Upaniṣad.
- Manomayakośa:
- The mental sheath. The first principle of mind (tattva of sattva) and the fifth of the seven sheaths (saptakośa). Part of a triad (traya) that includes the name body and knowledge yoga (nāmaśarīra and jñānayoga). See Kośa.
- Mantra:
- 1) Verse.
- 2) Mystical phrase.
- Mārga:
- Path, as opposed to a belief system.
- Māyā:
- Measuring the pairs of opposites (dvaṃdvas). Wise measuring leads to liberation (mokṣa); unwise measuring leads to bondage (bandha). See Dvaṃdva.
- Mithuna:
- Interactive, copulative. See Kālavāda.
- Mithyā:
- Falsity, as opposed to truth (satya).
- Mokṣa:
- Liberation, freedom, as opposed to bondage (bandha).
- Mu:
- The duplicated form of “muc.” See below.
- Muc:
- To free, release, or liberate.
- Mukta:
- Free, as opposed to bound (baddha).
- Mūla:
- Origin, root, ground, foundation. See Nirguṇa Brahman.
- Mūladeśa:
- Point of origin, root point. See Nirguṇa Brahman.
- Mumukṣutva:
- Seeking liberation, as opposed to inertia (abhiniveśa). See Bheṣaja.