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Y
- Yad:
- Which.
- Yama:
- The practice of restraints, which includes non-harming (ahiṃsā), non-lying (satya), non-stealing (asteya), non-wasting (brahmacarya), and non-possessiveness (aparigraha). The first of the eight limbs (aṣṭāṅga). See Aṣṭāṅga.
- Yathā:
- As.
- Yatna:
- Effort, exertion.
- Yoga:
- 1) Union, as opposed to separation (viyoga).
- 2) One of six orthodox philosophies (āstika darśanas) in Hinduism. The practical portion of Sāṃkhya. See Darśana.
- 3) The union (saṃyoga) of spirit and nature (puruṣa and prakṛti). See Īśvara.
- 4) The union state, corresponding to the oversoul (īśvara). The third of the ten states. See Avasthā.
- 5) One of the seven yogas (yoga saptaka). They are action yoga (karmayoga), devotion yoga (bhaktiyoga), knowledge yoga (jñānayoga), intellectual yoga (buddhiyoga), concentration yoga (dhāraṇāyoga), meditation yoga (dhyānayoga), and absorption yoga (samādhiyoga). Each being the union (saṃyoga) of a spiritual sheath (pauruṣa kośa) with its corresponding material body (prākṛta śarīra). They are principles (tattvas) to be fulfilled through practice (sādhya through sādhana). See Tattva.
- 6) One of the three classical yogas (yoga traya). They are knowledge yoga, devotion yoga, and action yoga (jñānayoga, bhaktiyoga, and karmayoga).
- 7) A grouping of the eight limbs (aṣṭāṅga). This includes performance yoga, restraint yoga, and royal yoga (kriyāyoga, saṃyamayoga, and rājayoga). See Aṣṭāṅga.
- Yoga Saptaka:
- The seven yogas. See above.
- Yoga Sūtras:
- A collection of one hundred ninety-five aphorisms (sūtras) on Yoga. Attributed to Patañjali.
- Yoga Traya:
- The three classical yogas. See Yoga.
- Yoga Upaniṣad:
- One of twenty Upaniṣads that discuss the Yoga philosophy (darśana). See Upaniṣad.
- Yogaja:
- “Born of union,” as opposed to “born of the senses” (indriyaja). See Pratyakṣa.
- Yogyatā:
- Fitness, suitability.