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Chapter 1: Arjuna Viṣāda Yoga
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— begin anuṣṭubh meter (4x8) —
Śloka 1.1
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे
dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre
समवेता युयुत्सवः ।
samavetā yuyutsavaḥ |
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva
किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥ १ ॥
kimakurvata sañjaya ‖ 1 ‖
~~~
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ: Dhṛtarāṣṭra; uvāca: he said; dharmakṣetre: on the holy plain; kurukṣetre: at Kurukṣetra; samavetāḥ: assembled; yuyutsavaḥ: desiring to fight; māmakāḥ: my party (sons); pāṇḍavāḥ: sons of Pāṇḍu; ca: and; eva: certainly; kim: what; akurvata: they did; sañjaya: O Sañjaya
Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “Having assembled on the holy plain at Kurukṣetra desiring to fight, O Sañjaya, what did my sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu do?”
Śloka 1.2
सञ्जय उवाच
sañjaya uvāca
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ
व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanastadā |
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य
ācāryamupasaṅgamya
राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥ २ ॥
rājā vacanamabravīt ‖ 2 ‖
~~~
sañjayaḥ: Sañjaya; uvāca: he said; dṛṣṭvā: having seen; tu: and; pāṇḍava-anīkam: sons of Pāṇḍu + army; vyūḍham: arrayed; duryodhanaḥ: Duryodhana; tadā: then; ācāryam-upasaṅgamya: teacher + having approached; rājā: O King; vacanam-abravīt: words + he spoke
Sañjaya said: “Having seen the army of the sons of Pāṇḍu arrayed, O King, and having approached his teacher, Duryodhana spoke the following words.”
Śloka 1.3
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्-
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇām-
आचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
ācārya mahatīṃ camūm |
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण
vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputreṇa
तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥ ३ ॥
tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā ‖ 3 ‖
~~~
paśya-etām: you should behold + these; pāṇḍuputrāṇām-ācārya: of the sons of Pāṇḍu + O Teacher; mahatīm: great; camūm: army; vyūḍhām: arranged; drupadaputreṇa: by the son of Drupada; tava: your; śiṣyeṇa: disciple; dhīmatā: very intelligent
[Duryodhana said]: “Behold the great army of the sons of Pāṇḍu, O Teacher, arranged by your very intelligent disciple, the son of Drupada.”
Śloka 1.4
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā
भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
bhīmārjunasamā yudhi |
युयुधानो विराटश्च
yuyudhāno virāṭaśca
द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥ ४ ॥
drupadaśca mahārathaḥ ‖ 4 ‖
~~~
atra: here; śūrāḥ: heroes; maheṣvāsāḥ: mighty bowmen; bhīma-arjuna-samāḥ: Bhīma + Arjuna + equal to; yudhi: in fighting; yuyudhānaḥ: Yuyudhāna; virāṭaḥ: Virāṭa; ca: and; drupadaḥ: Drupada; ca: and; mahārathaḥ: great chariot fighter
“Here are heroic bowmen equal in fighting to Bhīma and Arjuna, as well as great chariot fighters like Yuyudhāna, Virāṭa, and Drupada…
Śloka 1.5
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ
काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
kāśirājaśca vīryavān |
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च
purujitkuntibhojaśca
शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥ ५ ॥
śaibyaśca narapuṅgavaḥ ‖ 5 ‖
~~~
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ: Dhṛṣṭaketu; cekitānaḥ: Cekitāna; kāśirājaḥ: Kāśirāja; ca: as well as; vīryavān: very powerful; purujit: Purujit; kuntibhojaḥ: Kuntibhoja; śaibyaḥ: Śaibya; ca: and; narapuṅgavaḥ: bulls among men
“…the mighty Dhṛṣṭaketu, Cekitāna, and Kāśirāja, as well as the very powerful Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Śaibya, bulls among men…”
Śloka 1.6
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त
yudhāmanyuśca vikrānta
उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् ।
uttamaujāśca vīryavān |
सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च
saubhadro draupadeyāśca
सर्व एव महारथाः ॥ ६ ॥
sarva eva mahārathāḥ ‖ 6 ‖
~~~
yudhāmanyuḥ-ca: Yudhāmanyu + and; vikrāntaḥ: mighty; uttamaujāḥ-ca: Uttamaujas + and; vīryavān: very powerful; saubhadraḥ: Saubhadra; draupadeyāḥ-ca: sons of Draupadeya + and; sarve: all; eva: very; mahārathāḥ: great chariot fighters
“…the victorious Yudhāmanyu, the mighty Uttamaujas, the son of Subhadrā, and the sons of Draupadī; all very good chariot fighters.”
Śloka 1.7
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye
तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
tānnibodha dvijottama |
नायका मम सैन्यस्य
nāyakā mama sainyasya
संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥ ७ ॥
saṃjñārthaṃ tānbravīmi te ‖ 7 ‖
~~~
asmākam: our; tu: and; viśiṣṭāḥ: distinguished; ye: those who; tān-nibodha: them + take note; dvijottama: O Best of the Twice-Born; nāyakāḥ: captains; mama: my; sainyasya: of the army; saṃjñārtham: for the sake of information; tān-bravīmi: them + I tell; te: to you
“And for your information, O Best of the Twice-Born, I tell you now of our army. Please take note of my distinguished captains.”
Śloka 1.8
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca
कृपश्च समितिंजयः ।
kṛpaśca samitiṃjayaḥ |
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca
सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥ ८ ॥
saumadattistathaiva ca ‖ 8 ‖
~~~
bhavān-bhīṣmaḥ-ca: yourself + Bhīṣma + and; karṇaḥ-ca: Karṇa + and; kṛpaḥ-ca: Kṛpa + and; samitiṃjayaḥ: victorious in battle; aśvatthāmā: Aśvatthāmā; vikarṇaḥ-ca: Vikarṇa + and; saumadattiḥ-tathaiva: son of Somadatta + likewise; ca: and
“There are yourself, Bhīṣma, Karṇa, Kṛpa, victorious in battle, Aśvatthāmā, Vikarṇa, and likewise the son of Somadatta…”
Śloka 1.9
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा
anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā
मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः ।
madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ |
नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः
nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ
सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः ॥ ९ ॥
sarve yuddhaviśāradāḥ ‖ 9 ‖
~~~
anye: others; ca: and; bahavaḥ: many; śūrāḥ: heroes; madarthe: in (for) my sake; tyaktajīvitāḥ: prepared to lay down their lives; nānā-śastra-praharaṇāḥ: many + weapons + equipped; sarve: all; yuddhaviśāradāḥ: skilled in war
“…and many other heroes prepared to lay down their lives for my sake; all of them equipped with many weapons and skilled in war.”
Śloka 1.10
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं
aparyāptaṃ tadasmākaṃ
बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् ।
balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam |
पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां
paryāptaṃ tvidameteṣāṃ
बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥ १० ॥
balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam ‖ 10 ‖
~~~
aparyāptam: unlimited; tat-asmākam: that + ours; balam: strength; bhīṣma-abhirakṣitam: Bhīṣma + protected; paryāptam: limited; tu-idam-eteṣām: but + that + of theirs; balam: strength; bhīma-abhirakṣitam: Bhīma + protected
“Protected by Bhīṣma, our strength is unlimited; whereas protected by Bhīma, their strength is limited.”
Śloka 1.11
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु
ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu
यथाभागमवस्थिताः ।
yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ |
भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु
bhīṣmamevābhirakṣantu
भवन्तः सर्व एव हि ॥ ११ ॥
bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi ‖ 11 ‖
~~~
ayaneṣu: on sides; ca: and; sarveṣu: on all; yathā-bhāgam-avasthitāḥ: respective + divisions + stationed; bhīṣmam-eva-abhirakṣantu: Bhīṣma + thus + you all should protect; bhavantaḥ: you; sarvaḥ: all; eva-hi: certainly + indeed
“All of you soldiers stationed in all your respective divisions on all sides be absolutely certain to protect Bhīṣma!”
Śloka 1.12
तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं
tasya sañjanayanharṣaṃ
कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ |
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः
siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ
शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥ १२ ॥
śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān ‖ 12 ‖
~~~
tasya: this; sañjanayan-harṣam: great + joy; kuru-vṛddhaḥ: Kuru + eldest; pitāmahaḥ: grandsire; siṃhanādam: lion’s roar; vinadya-uccaiḥ: by having roared + loudly; śaṅkham: conch shell; dadhmau: he blew; pratāpavān: valiant
[Sañjaya said]: “Then the valiant grandsire, the eldest Kuru, having loudly roared the sound of a lion, blew his conch shell, causing Duryodhana great joy.”
Śloka 1.13
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bheryaśca
पणवानकगोमुखाः ।
paṇavānakagomukhāḥ |
सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त
sahasaivābhyahanyanta
स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥ १३ ॥
sa śabdastumulo’bhavat ‖ 13 ‖
~~~
tataḥ: then; śaṅkhāḥ-ca: conch shells + and; bheryaḥ-ca: kettledrums + and; paṇava-anaka-gomukhāḥ: tabors + trumpets + cow horns; sahasā-eva-abhyahanyanta: simultaneously + thus + sounded; saḥ: that; śabdaḥ: sound; tumulaḥ: tumultuous; abhavat: it was
“Then the conch shells, kettledrums, tabors, trumpets, and cow horns were all suddenly sounded simultaneously, and the sound was tumultuous.”
Śloka 1.14
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते
tataḥ śvetairhayairyukte
महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ ।
mahati syandane sthitau |
माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva
दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः ॥ १४ ॥
divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ ‖ 14 ‖
~~~
tataḥ: after that; śvetaiḥ-hayaiḥ-yukte: by white + by horses + on yoked; mahati: on a great; syandane: on a chariot; sthitau: stationed; mādhavaḥ: Descendant of Madhu; pāṇḍavaḥ-ca-eva: Son of Pāṇḍu + and + certainly; divyau: transcendental; śaṅkhau: conch shells; pradadhmatuḥ: sounded
“After that, the Descendant of Madhu and the Son of Pāṇḍu, stationed on a great chariot yoked to white horses, sounded their transcendental conch shells.”
Śloka 1.15
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo
देवदत्तं धनञ्जयः ।
devadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ |
पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं
pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ
भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः ॥ १५ ॥
bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ ‖ 15 ‖
~~~
pāñcajanyam: Pāñcajanya; hṛṣīkeśaḥ: Lord of the Senses; devadattam: Devadatta; dhanañjayaḥ: Conqueror of Wealth; pauṇḍram: Pauṇḍra; dadhmau: he blew; mahāśaṅkham: great conch shell; bhīmakarmā: Doer of Fierce Deeds; vṛkodaraḥ: Wolf-Bellied
“The Lord of the Senses blew his conch shell, the Pāñcajanya; the Conqueror of Wealth blew his, the Devadatta; the Wolf-Bellied Doer of Fierce Deeds blew his great conch shell, the Pauṇḍra.”
Śloka 1.16
अनन्तविजयं राजा
anantavijayaṃ rājā
कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
नकुलः सहदेवश्च
nakulaḥ sahadevaśca
सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥ १६ ॥
sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau ‖ 16 ‖
~~~
anantavijayam: Anantavijaya; rājā: king; kuntīputraḥ: son of Kuntī; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ: Yudhiṣṭhira; nakulaḥ: Nakula; sahadevaḥ-ca: Sahadeva + and; sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau: Sughoṣa + Maṇipuṣpaka
“King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughoṣa and Maṇipuṣpaka.”
Śloka 1.17
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः
kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ
शिखण्डी च महारथः ।
śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ |
धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca
सात्यकिश्चापराजितः ॥ १७ ॥
sātyakiścāparājitaḥ ‖ 17 ‖
~~~
kāśyaḥ-ca: Kāśirāja + and; parameṣvāsaḥ: great archer; śikhaṇḍī: Śikhaṇḍī; ca: and; mahārathaḥ: great chariot fighter; dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ: Dhṛṣṭadyumna; virāṭaḥ-ca: Virāṭa + and; sātyakiḥ-ca-aparājitaḥ: Sātyaki + and + unconquerable
“The great archer, Kāśirāja, the great chariot fighter, Śikhaṇḍī, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Virāṭa, and the unconquerable Sātyaki…”
Śloka 1.18
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च
drupado draupadeyāśca
सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate |
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः
saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ
शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥ १८ ॥
śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthakpṛthak ‖ 18 ‖
~~~
drupadaḥ: Drupada; draupadeyāḥ-ca: sons of Draupadī + and; sarvaśaḥ: all; pṛthivīpate: O King; saubhadraḥ-ca: son of Subhadrā + and; mahābāhuḥ: mighty-armed; śaṅkhān-dadhmuḥ: conch shells + they blew; pṛthak-pṛthak: respective + respective
“…Drupada, the sons of Draupadī, and the mighty-armed son of Subhadrā, all blew their respective conch shells, O King.”
Śloka 1.19
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ
हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
hṛdayāni vyadārayat |
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव
nabhaśca pṛthivīṃ caiva
तुमुलोऽभ्यनुनादयन् ॥ १९ ॥
tumulo’bhyanunādayan ‖ 19 ‖
~~~
saḥ: that; ghoṣaḥ: sound; dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām: sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; hṛdayāni: hearts; vyadārayat: it shattered; nabhaḥ-ca: sky + and; pṛthivīm: earth; ca-eva: and + certainly; tumulaḥ: tumultuous; abhyanunādayan: resounding
“That tumultuous sound, resounding in the sky and on the earth, shattered the hearts of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.”
Śloka 1.20
अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा
atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā
धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।
dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ |
प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते
pravṛtte śastrasampāte
धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥ २० ॥
dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ ‖ 20 ‖
~~~
atha: at that time; vyavasthitān-dṛṣṭvā: assembled + having seen; dhārtarāṣṭrān-kapidhvajaḥ: sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra + flag marked with Hanumān; pravṛtte: preparing; śastrasampāte: to shoot arrows; dhanuḥ-rudyamya: bow + having raised; pāṇḍavaḥ: Son of Pāṇḍu
“At that time, the Son of Pāṇḍu, his flag marked with Hanumān, having seen the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra assembled, and having raised his bow, was preparing to shoot arrows.”
Śloka 1.21
हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यम्-
hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyam-
इदम्आह महीपते ।
idamāha mahīpate |
अर्जुन उवाच
arjuna uvāca
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये
senayorubhayormadhye
रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥ २१ ॥
rathaṃ sthāpaya me’cyuta ‖ 21 ‖
~~~
hṛṣīkeśam: Lord of the Senses; tadā: then; vākyam-idam-āha: words + these + he spoke; mahīpate: O King; arjuna: Arjuna; uvāca: he said; senayoḥ-ubhayoḥ-madhye: in armies + in both + in between; ratham: chariot; sthāpaya: you should place; me: my; acyuta: O Imperishable
“Then, he spoke these words to the Lord of the Senses, O King.” Arjuna said: “Please place my chariot between both armies, O Imperishable…”
Śloka 1.22
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं
yāvadetānnirīkṣe’haṃ
योद्धुकामानवस्थितान् ।
yoddhukāmānavasthitān |
कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यम्-
kairmayā saha yoddhavyam-
अस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे ॥ २२ ॥
asminraṇasamudyame ‖ 22 ‖
~~~
yāvat-etān-nirīkṣe: so that + these + I may see; aham: I; yoddhu-kāmān-avasthitān: to fight + eager + stands; kaiḥ-mayā: with whom + by me; saha: together; yoddhavyam-asmin-raṇa-samudyame: must contend + in this + battle + imminent
“…so that I may see who stands there eager to fight, with whom I must contend in this imminent battle…”
Śloka 1.23
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं
yotsyamānānavekṣe’haṃ
य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।
ya ete’tra samāgatāḥ |
धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्-
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddher-
युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥ २३ ॥
yuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ ‖ 23 ‖
~~~
yotsyamānān-avekṣe: in about to fight + take note of; aham: I; ye: those who; ete: those; atra: here; samāgatāḥ: assembled; dhārtarāṣṭrasya: for the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; durbuddheḥ-yuddhe: evil-minded + in the battle; priyacikīrṣavaḥ: wishing to please
“…and take note of those who have assembled to fight, wishing to please the evil-minded son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the battle.”
Śloka 1.24
सञ्जय उवाच
sañjaya uvāca
एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो
evamukto hṛṣīkeśo
गुडाकेशेन भारत ।
guḍākeśena bhārata |
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये
senayorubhayormadhye
स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥ २४ ॥
sthāpayitvā rathottamam ‖ 24 ‖
~~~
sañjayaḥ: Sañjaya; uvāca: he said; evam-uktaḥ: thus + having been addressed; hṛṣīkeśaḥ: Lord of the Senses; guḍākeśena: by the Master of Sleep; bhārata: O Descendant of Bharata; senayoḥ-ubhayoḥ-madhye: in between + in both + in armies; sthāpayitvā: having placed; rathottamam: fine chariot
Sañjaya said: “The Lord of the Senses, having been thus addressed by the Master of Sleep, O Descendant of Bharata, and having placed the fine chariot between both armies…”
Śloka 1.25
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ
सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।
sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām |
उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्-
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān-
समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥ २५ ॥
samavetānkurūniti ‖ 25 ‖
~~~
bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ: Bhīṣma + Droṇa + in front of; sarveṣām: in all; ca: and; mahīkṣitām: kings; uvāca: he said; pārtha: O Son of Pṛthā; paśya-etān-samavetān-kurūn-iti: you should behold + these + assembled + Kurus + thus
“…in front of Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and all the kings, said, ‘Behold all the Kurus assembled, O Son of Pṛthā.’”
Śloka 1.26
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ
पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।
pitṝnatha pitāmahān |
आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्-
ācāryānmātulānbhrātṝn-
पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥ २६ ॥
putrānpautrānsakhīṃstathā ‖ 26 ‖
~~~
tatra-apaśyat-sthitān-pārthaḥ: there + he could see + standing + Son of Pṛthā; pitṝn-atha: fathers + and; pitāmahān: grandfathers; ācāryān-mātulān-bhrātṝn-putrān-pautrān-sakhīṃs-tathā: teachers + maternal uncles + brothers + sons + grandsons + friends + also
“There the Son of Pṛthā could see standing fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, friends…”
Śloka 1.27
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव
śvaśurānsuhṛdaścaiva
सेनयोरुभयोरपि ।
senayorubhayorapi |
तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः
tānsamīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ
सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान् ॥ २७ ॥
sarvānbandhūnavasthitān ‖ 27 ‖
~~~
śvaśurān-suhṛdaḥ-ca-eva: fathers-in-law + well-wishers + and + certainly; senayoḥ-ubhayoḥ-api: in armies + in both + also; tān-samīkṣya: them + having seen; saḥ: he; kaunteyaḥ: Son of Kuntī; sarvān-bandhūn-avasthitān: all + relatives + assembled
“…fathers-in-law, and well-wishers in the armies of both sides. Having seen all these relatives assembled, the Son of Kuntī…”
Śloka 1.28
कृपया परयाविष्टो
kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo
विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत् ।
viṣīdannidamabravīt |
अर्जुन उवाच
arjuna uvāca
दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण
dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa
युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम् ॥ २८ ॥
yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam ‖ 28 ‖
~~~
kṛpayā: with pity; parayā-āviṣṭaḥ: with great + overwhelmed; viṣīdann-idam-abravīt: despondent + this + he spoke; arjuna: Arjuna; uvāca: he said; dṛṣṭvā-imam: having seen + these; svajanam: kinsman; kṛṣṇa: O Kṛṣṇa; yuyutsum: desiring to fight; samupasthitam: assembled
“…overwhelmed with great pity, and despondent, spoke thus.” Arjuna said: “Having seen these kinsmen assembled desiring to fight, O Kṛṣṇa…”
Śloka 1.29
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi
मुखं च परिशुष्यति ।
mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati |
वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे
vepathuśca śarīre me
रोमहर्षश्च जायते ॥ २९ ॥
romaharṣaśca jāyate ‖ 29 ‖
~~~
sīdanti: they grow weak; mama: my; gātrāṇi: limbs; mukham: mouth; ca: and; pariśuṣyati: it is parched; vepathuḥ-ca: trembling + and; śarīre: in the body; me: my; romaharṣaḥ-ca: hair standing on end + and; jāyate: it arises
“…my limbs are growing weak, my mouth is parched, my body is trembling, and my hair is standing on end.”
Śloka 1.30
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्-
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāt-
त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते ।
tvakcaiva paridahyate |
न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं
na ca śaknomyavasthātuṃ
भ्रमतीव च मे मनः ॥ ३० ॥
bhramatīva ca me manaḥ ‖ 30 ‖
~~~
gāṇḍīvam: Arjuna’s bow; sraṃsate: it is slipping; hastāt-tvac-ca-eva: from the hand + skin + and + certainly; paridahyate: it is burning; na: not; ca: and; śaknomi-avasthātum: I am able + to stand; bhramati-iva: it is spinning + as if; ca: and; me: my; manaḥ: mind
“My bow is slipping from my hand, my skin is burning, my mind is spinning, and I am unable to stand.”
Śloka 1.31
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि
nimittāni ca paśyāmi
विपरीतानि केशव ।
viparītāni keśava |
न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि
na ca śreyo’nupaśyāmi
हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे ॥ ३१ ॥
hatvā svajanamāhave ‖ 31 ‖
~~~
nimittāni: omens; ca: and; paśyāmi: I see; viparītāni: bad; keśava: O Handsome-Haired; na: no; ca: and; śreyaḥ: good; anupaśyāmi: I foresee; hatvā: having killed; sva-janam-āhave: my own + kinsmen + in battle
“I see bad omens, O Handsome-Haired, and I don’t foresee any good from having killed kinsmen in battle.”
Śloka 1.32
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa
न च राज्यं सुखानि च ।
na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca |
किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द
kiṃ no rājyena govinda
किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा ॥ ३२ ॥
kiṃ bhogairjīvitena vā ‖ 32 ‖
~~~
na: neither; kāṅkṣe: I desire; vijayam: victory; kṛṣṇa: O Kṛṣṇa; na: nor; ca: and; rājyam: kingdom; sukhāni: pleasures; ca: and; kim: what; naḥ: to us; rājyena: by kingdom; govinda: O Cow-Herder; kim: what; bhogaiḥ-jīvitena: by pleasure + by living; vā: or
“I desire neither victory, nor kingdom, nor pleasures, O Kṛṣṇa. What use to us is kingdom, pleasure, or even living, O Cow-Herder?”
Śloka 1.33
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो
yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no
राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।
rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca |
त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे
ta ime’vasthitā yuddhe
प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥ ३3 ॥
prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca ‖ 33 ‖
~~~
yeṣām-arthe: for whose + in (for) sake; kāṅkṣitam: desired; naḥ: by us; rājyam: kingdom; bhogāḥ: enjoyments; sukhāni: pleasures; ca: and; te: those; ime: these; avasthitā: standing; yuddhe: on the battlefield; prāṇān-tyaktvā: lives + having forsaken; dhanāni: wealth; ca: and
“Those for whose sake we seek kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures, are standing on the battlefield having forsaken their lives and wealth.”
Śloka 1.34
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्-
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās-
तथैव च पितामहाः ।
tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ |
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ
श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा ॥ ३४ ॥
śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā ‖ 34 ‖
~~~
ācāryāḥ: teachers; pitaraḥ: fathers; putrāḥ-tathā-eva: fathers + as well as + certainly; ca: and; pitāmahāḥ: grandfathers; mātulāḥ: maternal uncles; śvaśurāḥ: fathers-in-law; pautrāḥ: grandsons; śyālāḥ: brothers-in-law; sambandhinaḥ-tathā: relatives + as well
“Teachers, fathers, sons, grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and relatives…”
Śloka 1.35
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि
etānna hantumicchāmi
घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।
ghnato’pi madhusūdana |
अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य
api trailokyarājyasya
हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥ ३५ ॥
hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte ‖ 35 ‖
~~~
etān-na: these + not; hantum-icchāmi: to kill + I wish; ghnataḥ: being killed; api: even if; madhusūdana: O Slayer of the Madhu Demon; api: even; trailokya-rājyasya: three worlds + dominion of; hetoḥ: for the sake of; kim-nu: what + less; mahīkṛte: earth
“…none of whom I wish to kill, O Slayer of the Madhu Demon, even if I am killed, not even for dominion over the three worlds, much less this earth.”
Śloka 1.36
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ
का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।
kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana |
पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्-
pāpamevāśrayedasmān-
हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥ ३६ ॥
hatvaitānātatāyinaḥ ‖ 36 ‖
~~~
nihatya: having killed; dhārtarāṣṭrān-naḥ: sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra + ours; kā: what; prītiḥ: pleasure; syāt-janārdana: it would be + O Agitator of Men; pāpam-eva-āśrayet-asmān-hatvā-etān-ātatāyinaḥ: sin + only + it would befall + us + having hilled + these + criminals
“Having killed the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, O Agitator of Men, what pleasure would be ours? Only sin would befall us from having killed these criminals.”
Śloka 1.37
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं
tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ
धार्तराष्ट्रान्सबान्धवान् ।
dhārtarāṣṭrānsabāndhavān |
स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा
svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā
सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥ ३७ ॥
sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava ‖ 37 ‖
~~~
tasmāt-na-arhāḥ: therefore + not + we should; vayam: we; hantum: to kill; dhārtarāṣṭrān-sa-bāndhavān: sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra + along with + friends; svajanam: kinsmen; hi: for; katham: how; hatvā: having killed; sukhinaḥ: happy; syāma: we could be; mādhava: O Descendant of Madhu
“Therefore, we should not kill the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and our friends. For how could we be happy having killed our kinsman, O Descendant of Madhu?”
Śloka 1.38
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति
yadyapyete na paśyanti
लोभोपहतचेतसः ।
lobhopahatacetasaḥ |
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं
kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ
मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥ ३८ ॥
mitradrohe ca pātakam ‖ 38 ‖
~~~
yadi-api-ete: if + even + they; na: not; paśyanti: they see; lobha-upahata-cetasaḥ: greed + overcome + intelligence; kula-kṣaya-kṛtam: family + killing + act; doṣam: fault; mitra-drohe: friend + in betraying; ca: and; pātakam: sin
“Even if they do not see the fault in killing family and the sin of betraying friends, with their intelligence overcome by greed…”
Śloka 1.39
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः
kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ
पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
pāpādasmānnivartitum |
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं
kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ
प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥ ३९ ॥
prapaśyadbhirjanārdana ‖ 39 ‖
~~~
katham: why; na: not; jñeyam-asmābhiḥ: should be known + by us; pāpāt-asmāt-nivartitum: from sin + from this + to abstain; kula-kṣaya-kṛtam: family + killing + act; doṣam: fault; prapaśyadbhiḥ-janārdana: by us who see + O Agitator of Men
“…why should we not know to abstain from such acts of sin, who can see the crime in killing family, O Agitator of Men?”
Śloka 1.40
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति
kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti
कुलधर्माः सनातनाः ।
kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ |
धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नम्-
dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnam-
अधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥ ४० ॥
adharmo’bhibhavatyuta ‖ 40 ‖
~~~
kula-kṣaye: when family + destruction; praṇaśyanti: they are lost; kula-dharmāḥ: family + teachings; sanātanāḥ: ancient; dharme: when law; naṣṭe: when lost; kulam: family; kṛtsnam-adharmaḥ: entire + irreligion; abhibhavati-uta: it overcomes + and
“When the family is destroyed, the ancient family laws are lost, and when law is lost, lawlessness overcomes the entire family.”
Śloka 1.41
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण
adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa
प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः ।
praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ |
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya
जायते वर्णसङ्करः ॥ ४१ ॥
jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ ‖ 41 ‖
~~~
adharma-abhibhavāt-kṛṣṇa: lawlessness + due to prevailing + O Kṛṣṇa; praduṣyanti: they will become polluted; kula-striyaḥ: family + women; strīṣu: from women; duṣṭāsu: polluted; vārṣṇeya: O Descendant of Vṛṣṇi; jāyate: it occurs; varṇasaṅkaraḥ: mixed castes
“When lawlessness prevails, O Kṛṣṇa, the women of the family will become polluted. When women are polluted, O Descendant of Vṛṣṇi, mixed castes occur.”
Śloka 1.42
सङ्करो नरकायैव
saṅkaro narakāyaiva
कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च ।
kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca |
पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां
patanti pitaro hyeṣāṃ
लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥ ४२ ॥
luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ ‖ 42 ‖
~~~
saṅkaraḥ: mixture; narakāya-eva: for hellish + certainly; kula-ghnānām: family + for the killers; kulasya: for the family; ca: and; patanti: they fall; pitaraḥ: ancestors; hi-eṣām: for + their; lupta-piṇḍa-udaka-kriyāḥ: deprived + offerings of food + offerings of water + rituals
“This mixture is certainly hellish both for the family and its destroyers, for their ancestors fall, deprived of ritual offerings of food and water.”
Śloka 1.43
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां
doṣairetaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ
वर्णसङ्करकारकैः ।
varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ |
उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः
utsādyante jātidharmāḥ
कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः ॥ ४३ ॥
kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ ‖ 43 ‖
~~~
doṣaiḥ-etaiḥ: due to evil deeds + due to these; kula-ghnānām: of the family + destroyers; varṇasaṅkara-kārakaiḥ: due to mixed castes + resulting in; utsādyante: they are destroyed; jāti-dharmāḥ: clan + laws; kula-dharmāḥ-ca: family + laws + and; śāśvatāḥ: ancient
“Due to the evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, resulting in mixed castes, the ancient laws of the clan and of the family are destroyed.”
Śloka 1.44
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां
utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ
मनुष्याणां जनार्दन ।
manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana |
नरके नियतं वासो
narake niyataṃ vāso
भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम ॥ ४४ ॥
bhavatītyanuśuśruma ‖ 44 ‖
~~~
utsanna-kula-dharmāṇām: destroyed + family + laws; manuṣyāṇām: of whose; janārdana: O Agitator of Men; narake: in hell; niyatam: constantly; vāsaḥ: dwelling; bhavati-iti-anuśuśruma: it comes to be + thus + we have heard
“Those whose family laws are destroyed will dwell constantly in hell, O Agitator of Men. Thus, we have heard.”
Śloka 1.45
अहो बत महत्पापं
aho bata mahatpāpaṃ
कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् ।
kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam |
यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन
yadrājyasukhalobhena
हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥ ४५ ॥
hantuṃ svajanamudyatāḥ ‖ 45 ‖
~~~
aho: alas; bata: alas; mahat-pāpam: great + sin; kartum: to commit; vyavasitāḥ: have decided; vayam: we; yat-rājya-sukha-lobhena: due to + royal + comfort + greed; hantum svajanam-udyatāḥ: to kill + kinsmen + prepared
“Alas, what a great sin we have decided to commit. Due to greed for royal comfort, we are prepared to kill our own kinsmen.”
Śloka 1.46
यदि मामप्रतीकारम्-
yadi māmapratīkāram-
अशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः ।
aśastraṃ śastrapāṇayaḥ |
धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्-
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyus-
तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥ ४६ ॥
tanme kṣemataraṃ bhavet ‖ 46 ‖
~~~
yadi: if; mām-apratīkāram-aśastram: me + unresisting + unarmed; śastra-pāṇayaḥ: weapons + in hand; dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ: sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; raṇe: on the battlefield; hanyuḥ-tat-me: they would kill + that + for me; kṣemataram: better; bhavet: it would be
“It would be better for me if the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, weapons in hand, would kill me unarmed and unresisting on the battlefield.”
Śloka 1.47
सञ्जय उवाच
sañjaya uvāca
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनः संख्ये
evamuktvārjunaḥ saṃkhye
रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
rathopastha upāviśat |
विसृज्य सशरं चापं
visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ
शोकसंविग्नमानसः ॥ ४७ ॥
śokasaṃvignamānasaḥ ‖ 47 ‖
~~~
sañjayaḥ: Sañjaya; uvāca: he said; evam-uktvā-arjunaḥ: thus + having spoken + Arjuna; saṃkhye: on the battlefield; ratha-upasthaḥ: chariot + seat; upāviśat: sank down; visṛjya: having cast aside; saśaram: with arrows; cāpam: bow; śoka-saṃvigna-mānasaḥ: grief + afflicted + mind
Sañjaya said: “Having spoken thus, and having cast aside his bow and arrows, Arjuna sank down on the chariot seat, his mind afflicted by grief.”