Advaita Sāṃkhya Sūtras

Chapter 6: Kālavāda

Sūtra 6.1

कालवाद इति कालश् चाक्रसंसारः प्रतिसाम्यम् ॥ ६.१ ॥
kālavāda iti kālaś cākrasaṃsāraḥ pratisāmyam ‖ 6.1 ‖

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kālavādaḥ: doctrine of time; iti: according to; kālaḥ: time; cākra-saṃsāraḥ: cyclical + passage; prati-sāmyam: toward + equality

“The doctrine of time states that time is the cyclical passage toward equality.”

Sūtra 6.2

सप्तगुणः परिवृतो द्वादशारेन कालचक्रस्यैव द्वादशम उपरिसति षष्ठोऽधस्तमसि ॥ ६.२ ॥
saptaguṇaḥ parivṛto dvādaśārena kālacakrasyaiva dvādaśama uparisati ṣaṣṭho’dhastamasi ‖ 6.2 ‖

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saptaguṇaḥ: seven strings; parivṛtaḥ: encircled; dvādaśārena: by the twelve spokes; kālacakrasya: of the wheel of time; eva: thus; dvādaśamaḥ: twelfth; upari-sati: above + in existence; ṣaṣṭhaḥ: sixth; adhas-tamasi: below + in physics;

“The seven strings are encircled by the twelve spokes of the wheel of time thus:

Sūtra 6.3

द्वादशरः प्रतीत्यानित्यपरम्पराः ॥ ६.३ ॥
dvādaśaraḥ pratītyānityaparamparāḥ ‖ 6.3 ‖

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dvādaśāraḥ: twelve spokes; pratītya-anitya-paramparāḥ: dependent + impermanent + successive

“The twelve spokes are dependent, impermanent, and successive.”

Sūtra 6.4

धार्मसर्पिणी तृतीयारान् नवमारे सुखं भावसर्पिणी नवमारात् तृतीयारे दुःखं तृतीयनवमारौ संधिः ॥ ६.४ ॥
dhārmasarpiṇī tṛtīyārān navamāre sukhaṃ bhāvasarpiṇī navamārāt tṛtīyāre duḥkhaṃ tṛtīyanavamārau saṃdhiḥ ‖ 6.4 ‖

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dhārmasarpiṇī: arc of law; tṛtīya-arāt: from the third + spoke; navama-are: to the ninth + spoke; sukham: happiness; bhāvasarpiṇī: arc of rebirth; navama-arāt: from the ninth + spoke; tṛtīya-are: to the third + spoke; duḥkham: suffering; tṛtīya-navama-arau: the third + the ninth + spokes; saṃdhiḥ: boundary line

“The arc of law from the ninth spoke to the third is happiness; the arc of rebirth from the third spoke to the ninth is suffering; the third and ninth spokes are the boundary line.”

Sūtra 6.5

अवसर्पिणी द्वादशमारात् सष्ठारे संचर उत्सर्पिणी षष्ठाराद् द्वादशमारे प्रतिसंचरः षष्ठद्वादशमारौ संधिः ॥ ६.५ ॥
avasarpiṇī dvādaśamārāt ṣaṣṭhāre saṃcara utsarpiṇī ṣaṣṭhārād dvādaśamāre pratisaṃcaraḥ ṣaṣṭhadvādaśamārau saṃdhiḥ ‖ 6.5 ‖

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avasarpiṇī: descending arc; dvādaśama-arāt: from the twelfth + spoke; ṣaṣṭha-are: to the sixth + spoke; saṃcaraḥ: evolution; utsarpiṇī: ascending arc; ṣaṣṭha-arāt: from the sixth + spoke; dvādaśama-are: to the twelfth + spoke; pratisaṃcaraḥ: involution; ṣaṣṭha-dvādaśama-arau: the sixth + the twelfth + spokes; saṃdhiḥ: boundary line

“The descending arc from the twelfth spoke to the sixth is evolution; the ascending arc from the sixth spoke to the twelfth is involution; the sixth and twelfth spokes are the boundary line.”

Sūtra 6.6

प्रत्येकम् अरोऽनन्तानां चक्राणां चक्रेषु ॥ ६.६ ॥
pratyekam aro’nantānāṃ cakrāṇāṃ cakreṣu ‖ 6.6 ‖

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pratyekam: each; araḥ: spoke; anantānāṃ: of endless; cakrāṇāṃ: of wheels; cakreṣu: within wheels

“Each spoke consists of endless wheels within wheels.”

Sūtra 6.7

एताश् चाक्रवृत्तयो जीवनस्कन्धा बीजाणाम् ॥ ६.७ ॥
etāś cākravṛttayo jīvanaskandhā bījāṇām ‖ 6.7 ‖

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etāḥ: these; cākra-vṛttayaḥ: circular + modifications; jīvana-skandhāḥ: living + aggregates; bījānām: of seeds

“These circular modifications are living aggregates of seeds.”

Sūtra 6.8

वृत्तयो धार्मसर्पिण्यां पौरुषधर्मा वृत्तयो भावसर्पिण्यां प्राकृतभवाः ॥ ६.८ ॥
vṛttayo dhārmasarpiṇyāṃ pauruṣadharmā vṛttayo bhāvasarpiṇyāṃ prākṛtabhavāḥ ‖ 6.8 ‖

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vṛttayaḥ: modifications; dhārmasarpiṇyām: in the arc of law; paurusa-dharmāḥ: spiritual + laws; vṛttayaḥ: modifications; bhāvasarpiṇyām: in the arc of rebirth; prākṛta-bhavāḥ: material + things

“Modifications in the arc of law are spiritual laws; modifications in the arc of rebirth are material things.”

Sūtra 6.9

वृत्तयोऽवसर्पिण्यां प्रवृत्तयो वृत्तय उत्सर्पिण्यां निवृत्तयः ॥ ६.९ ॥
vṛttayo’vasarpiṇyāṃ pravṛttayo vṛttaya utsarpiṇyāṃ nivṛttayaḥ ‖ 6.9 ‖

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vṛttayaḥ: modifications; avasarpinyām: in the descending arc; pravṛttayaḥ: spinning without; vṛttayaḥ: modifications; utsarpinyām: in the ascending arc; nivṛttayaḥ: spinning within

“Modifications in the descending arc are spinning without; modifications in the ascending arc are spinning within.”

Sūtra 6.10

इव तरंगा वृत्तयोऽन्योन्याभिभवाश्रयजननमिथुनाः ॥ ६.१० ॥
iva taraṃgā vṛttayo’nyonyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunāḥ ‖ 6.10 ‖

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iva: like; taraṃgāḥ: waves; vṛttayaḥ: modifications; anyonya-abhibhava-āśraya-janana-mithunāḥ: mutually + suppressive + supportive + generative + interactive

“Like waves, modifications are mutually suppressive, supportive, generative, and interactive.”